the transformer — windings heat up (glow) as they dissipate copper loss
switch-node voltage — the leakage spike when current interrupts
power & loss budget — where the watts go
thermal — winding & core temperature rise from dissipation
core & build
primary wire 26 AWG
● primary
turns Np 100
voltage 12 V
frequency 100 kHz
● secondary
turns Ns 200
load 100 Ω
● non-ideal
leakage (% of Lm) 3.0%
switch fall time 100 ns
Vs (ideal)—
Rp / Rs winding—
copper loss (I²R)—
core loss (est.)—
leakage spike—
efficiency—
Energize to see the losses.
Copper loss (I²R from real wire resistance) and the leakage spike (V=L_lk·di/dt) follow directly from physics — exact. Core loss uses representative Steinmetz coefficients for type-43 material — an estimate, not a datasheet fit. The snubber clamps the spike. Heat is a simple thermal-rise model (loss × thermal resistance).