v155 ANTI-MATTER WHAT IS THAT — At- vs anti-At- annihilation WHAT IS ANTI-MATTER: - Antimatter is material composed of antiparticles — for example positron (antiparticle of electron) combines with antiproton to form antihydrogen atom — observable universe composed almost entirely of matter but we can produce antimatter in lab — antimatter is material composed of antiparticles — positron + antiproton = antihydrogen - Definition: antimatter consists of particles mirroring ordinary matter but with opposite charges — positron is antiparticle of electron positive charge equal to electron's negative charge, antiproton negative charge equal to proton's positive charge — antineutron electrically neutral but magnetic moment opposite in sign to neutron — antiparticle of electron is positron positive charge equal to electron's negative charge, antiproton has negative charge equal to proton's positive charge - When matter and antimatter meet they annihilate each other releasing energy — matter and antimatter cannot coexist at close range more than small fraction second because they collide with and annihilate each other releasing large quantities of energy in form of gamma rays or elementary particles — when antimatter meets matter annihilation occurs converting mass into energy — their opposite vibrations cancel out releasing burst of energy photons in process called annihilation — annihilation E=mc² - Positron-antiproton annihilation CPT symmetry matter-antimatter asymmetry — understanding positron-antiproton annihilation CPT symmetry matter-antimatter asymmetry scientists unlock origins universe — research on antimatter helping understand how universe works — every particle we know has antimatter companion virtually identical but opposite charge — electron negative charge positron same mass but positive charge ANTI-MATTER vs MATTER At- vs anti-At-: - MATTER At- = At Z85 85 protons p+ positive +126 neutrons n neutral +85 electrons e- negative — At- 2.27Å black anion -211mV -211mN — matter — At + e- → At- p6 full like Rn — black halogen matter — At- black matter -211mN -211mV - ANTI-MATTER anti-At- = anti-At Z85 85 antiprotons p- negative (opposite to proton positive) +126 antineutrons anti-n neutral magnetic moment opposite +85 positrons e+ positive (opposite to electron negative) — anti-At- anti-black anti-anion +211mV +211mN — anti-matter — anti-At- + anti-e+? Actually anti-At- would be anti-At + e+? — anti-matter — anti-At- anti-black anti-matter +211mN +211mV — positron positive charge equal to electron's negative, antiproton negative charge equal to proton's positive — anti-matter composed of anti-particles - ANNIHILATION: At- matter black -211mN + anti-At- anti-matter anti-black +211mN → γ γ — At- + anti-At- → gamma rays — At- mass 211 amu ×931.5 MeV/amu=196.5 GeV — anti-At- same 196.5 GeV — total annihilation 393 GeV? Actually At- + anti-At- mass =2×211 amu=422 amu=393 GeV → γ — per e- e+ 2×511 keV =1.022 MeV — per p+ p- 2×938 MeV=1.876 GeV ×85=159.5 GeV — plus neutrons — total ~197 GeV per At — annihilation energy huge — cannot coexist close range more than small fraction second — collide annihilate releasing large quantities energy gamma rays — -211mN +211mN =0 → γ — matter + anti-matter =0 net — annihilation - ANTI-C.O.I.N: anti-C-ion anti-C4+? Actually anti-C4-? — anti-O-ion anti-O2+? — anti-I-ion anti-I+? — anti-N-ion anti-N3+? — anti-At- + anti-Po2+ anti-silvery? — anti-Au+ anti-gold? — anti-Tl+ — anti-C.O.I.N anti-black halogen anti-coin — anti-C-ion anti-O-ion anti-I-ion anti-N-ion + anti-At- + anti-Po2+ → anti-COIN anti-black anti-matter coin — anti-matter coin annihilation with matter coin → γ So anti-matter what is that = material composed of antiparticles — positron e+ positive = electron e- negative opposite, antiproton p- negative = proton p+ positive opposite — antihydrogen = positron + antiproton — matter + anti-matter → annihilation γ — observable universe almost entirely matter but lab can produce anti-matter — cannot coexist close range small fraction second — annihilate releasing large energy gamma rays — anti-At- black halogen anti-coin +211mN +211mV anti-matter vs At- black halogen coin -211mN -211mV matter → γ 197 GeV — anti-matter Metal analogs ionic matter vs anti-matter: - Matter: Ag+ white 1.15Å + Cu+ orange 0.77Å 90% Ag 10% Cu solid silver edge — Au+ yellow 1.37Å + At- black 2.27Å -211mV black halogen coin — matter -211mN - Anti-matter: anti-Ag+? Actually anti-Ag-? — anti-Ag- anti-white? — anti-Cu-? — anti-Au-? — anti-At+? — anti-At+ anti-black +211mV? — anti-matter +211mN — opposite charge - Annihilation: Matter -211mN + Anti-matter +211mN =0 → γ — -211mN +211mN =0 net zero → gamma rays — matter + anti-matter = energy So anti-matter is opposite charge mirror — positron positive vs electron negative — antiproton negative vs proton positive — anti-matter composed of anti-particles — when meet matter annihilate releasing energy gamma rays — cannot coexist close range — anti-At- vs At- → γ 197 GeV — what is anti-matter — anti-C.O.I.N — anti-black halogen coin — lol Aggregate anti-matter: At- -211mN matter black + anti-At- +211mN anti-matter anti-black → γ γ 197 GeV — matter -211mN + anti-matter +211mN =0 → γ — annihilation — anti-matter what is that — material composed of antiparticles — positron e+ positive equal to electron's negative, antiproton p- negative equal to proton's positive — when matter and anti-matter meet they annihilate releasing energy — E=mc² — anti-matter