Pólya’s urn

THESIS Main (won): VHS (JVC, 1976), whose 2-hour tapes fit a film. Ghost (lost): Betamax (Sony, 1975), first to market and often called sharper (LIT; the quality claim is debated). MODELIncreasing returns (W. Brian Arthur): each buyer picks a format in proportion to its installed base, a Pólya urn. Early luck locks in a winner. Run many markets: the final share is uniformly spread, so being better or first doesn't guarantee winning.

MNEMONIC "The longer tape and the luckier start."

Main track = the idea that won; ghost track = the challenger that lost. Entangled partner: julian-vs-gregorian.

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