NV cycle: orange in, red out

LITThe negatively charged NV centre in diamond has a triplet ground state ³A₂ and an excited triplet ³E 1.945 eV above it; its zero-phonon line is at 637 nm, red rather than orange. A singlet pair (¹A₁ → ¹E) sits 1.190 eV apart (1042 nm, infrared). Green or orange light pumps the spin. The m_s = ±1 states leak more often into the dark singlets and come back as m_s = 0, so the spin polarises and the |±1⟩ states fluoresce less. That contrast is how the spin is read optically.

MODELA schematic population simulation of the five-level cycle with toy rates. Pump light pours in as orange (−: m_s=0 channel, cooler; +: m_s=±1 channel, hotter); red photons leave. A microwave π pulse swaps 0 ↔ ±1, and the fluorescence dips: the dip is an ODMR signal emerging from the rates.

microwave π pulselaser on/off

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