Mercury's 43 Seconds

LITMercury's perihelion advances about 5,600″ per century as seen from Earth. Roughly 5,025″ is the precession of the equinoxes and about 532″ comes from the other planets' Newtonian pull. Le Verrier (1859) found an unexplained remainder of about 38″, later refined to about 43″ (42.98″); Einstein's general relativity (1915) accounts for it: Δφ = 6πGM / (c²a(1−e²)) per orbit. This is where Newton's gravity runs out, on the planet named for quicksilver.

MODELA brass orrery integrates Mercury's orbit with a first post-Newtonian term. The true effect is 0.1″ per orbit, invisible, so the relativistic term is multiplied by a factor you choose. The rosette emerges; the page measures the advance per orbit numerically and scales it back to compare with 43″/century.

amplify GR × run 20 orbitsclear

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