the green flash

LITAir bends short wavelengths more than long ones, so near the horizon the setting sun is a stack of slightly offset coloured images, with violet and blue on top and red at the bottom. Blue and violet are mostly scattered out along the long path. So at the last moment the topmost image the eye still sees is green, a flash usually lasting a second or two.

MODELDispersion uses the Edlén-type refractivity of dry air, n−1 ≈ 10⁻⁸·(8342.13 + 2406030/(130−σ²) + 15997/(38.9−σ²)), with σ in µm⁻¹. The refraction at the horizon is approximated as (n−1)×2000 arcmin, a simple scale (real horizon refraction is about 34′). Extinction is a crude λ⁻⁴ Rayleigh factor. The colours are CIE-computed. The nesting: an orange disk, a purple (violet+red) fringe that the scattering removes, a green rim, and the void below the horizon.

set the sunclearer air

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