clouds & milk

LITTiny particles scatter light in the Rayleigh regime (∝ λ⁻⁴), which is the blue of the sky and of skim milk's bluish cast. Particles much larger than the wavelength scatter all colours about equally. That is Mie scattering, and it is why clouds (droplets around 10 µm) and whole milk (fat globules of a few µm) look white.

COMPUTEDExtinction efficiency comes from van de Hulst's anomalous-diffraction approximation, Q = 2 − (4/p)·sin p + (4/p²)(1 − cos p), with p = 4πa(m − 1)/λ. The scattered colour of a thin layer goes through CIE. MODELThe particle refractive indices (water droplet in air m = 1.333; fat in water m ≈ 1.10) are approximate, ADA is crude for small particles (it gives λ⁻², not Rayleigh's λ⁻⁴, a limit the self-check shows), and multiple scattering is ignored. Nesting: a white cloud wrapped around the coloured haze, the void.

radius µm medium: cloud

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